Introduction

In this document we realized a research about bilingual children. First of all we are going to explain what the human language is, its phases and stages and the difference between acquisition and learning language. After that, we are going to present the subtitle about the second language and the difference between bilingualism and true bilingualism. Also we will present the advantages and disadvantages to develop a second language. Finally we end with a short text about the relationship between culture and bilingualism. In the annex we will present our result of our research about the impact of bilingualism nowadays.

Hypothesis

Children that are raised with two languages at the same time have a better ability to speak fluently in both languages. This helps the development of the brain and stimulate the way of learning at an early age. We will prove that children that are able to speak another language besides their mother tongue have a better vocabulary and do not switch while speaking. Through of our research, we will prove that factors of culture, such as that child's go to a private school or their self interest about to learning a second language at an early age, help to develop the second language of a better way.

What is the Human Language?

"When we study human languaje, we are approaching what some might call the "human essence", the distinctive qualities of mind that are, so far as we know, unique to man." 

 ― Noam Chomsky, Language and mind.

Language is used for billions of people to communicate each second of the day, we talk with a lot of people, in the supermarket, in the bank, in the college, also to use the language without sounds, if we go off the street can see many texts that we can understand. We can produce words, signs and sounds, and that action allow implicate all around the word. But what is that action? We talk about language when each person has the ability to produce a code with a meaning and can understand each other. (Fromkim, Rodman and Hyams, 2003)

Phases of Language

     Claudia (2013) and Godoy (2000) children pass for following phases to acquire the language.

Language Stages

Now, we know what the human language is, but acquire it requires a process. There are five different stages of language acquisition, this stage depends on the stage in which children are. In the first stage, we have Silent/Receptive that is only when children listen to her mother say several easy words. In this stage, children don’t produce any language because they don’t have enough confidence to speak in the new language. They only hear that the others, tell them and that allows them to develop a passive sort of vocabulary.  (Language Study, N.D.)

The second one is called Early Production. In this stage, children are more receptive but have a limited comprehension and them only produce one or two-words (memorized or remembered on silent/receptive stage) responses. They even can use keywords. This stage may last less than six months if parents help their children to develop their languages. (Language Study, N. D.)

Then we have Speech Emergence. By this stage children can produce simple sentences, phrases or questions. Their comprehension is better than the last stage and the sentences that they make may or may not grammatically correct. In this stage the speaker will has approximately 3.000 words in your vocabulary. And finally, when this stage is ending the speaker can create complete paragraph. (Language Study, N. D.)

The fourth stage is Intermediate Fluency. Here, the speaker has an extensive vocabulary add another 3.000 different words. Children are able to use more complex sentences and have fewer grammatical mistakes. At this stage, they have an excellent comprehension. And their speech and writing have improved markedly by the end of this stage.  (Language Study, N.D.)

And finally, we have Advanced Fluency. In this last stage, children have the ability to communicate in the new language. They have a near native level of speech. Even, they have more confidence to talk with others native speakers. (Language Study, N.D.)

Learning Language vs. Language Acquisition language

Necessity of expression that child's needs give an experience that becomes bigger every time that kids put into practice and keep it dynamic. For example, babies give their first words to ask for the necessities (food, to play, etc.) but when they go to school acquired some rules (grammar, syntax, etc.) about their language. (ELBES 2000) So, acquisition language is subconscious developed, the children do not the intention about memorizing the word with a meaning deliberately, but they know the relation with word-object or action. On the other hand, learning is considered like one activity which allows you to find new words in a dictionary, is common when we learn the way that the language works, also like their rules, their vocabulary and their grammar. There are some techniques that make the material used for learning easier and more efficient. (Cicerchia, 2014)

One the main Differences between acquisition and learning language is, that the first one developed informal situations and the structure of the grammar doesn’t matter. While the second one has a relationship between production and self-correction. (ELBES 2000)

Celaya Villanueva (1992) said: “Acquisition implies an unconscious internalization of linguistic rules, whereas learning involves a conscious emphasis on the structure of language. Therefore, we could say that first and second language acquisition process are differentiated by means of this dichotomy: we acquire a first language but we learn a second language.”

Fromkim, Rodman and Hyams (2003) mention in their book four theory’s about the way that children acquire the language. The first is through imitation. The first words of a child are learned by imitation, in that way children will develop both languages at the same time. When they hear their parent’s conversation, they’re learning and practicing both languages that are spoken. The second is that children to produce correct (grammatical) sentences through reinforced, when they say something wrong their parents or someone else tell them the correct form and the children repeat the phrase. Roger Brown and his colleagues at Harvard University studied the interaction between parents and children, and they said that although the reinforcement occurs, it is usually incorrect pronunciation or incorrect reporting. The third manner is structured input, is when adults speak with children in a simplified language also called motherese or child-directed or baby talk, with this form children better understand. And finally, children can acquire the language through analogy. This way is when the children heard some words and connecting that word to create a different sentence.

What is Bilingualism?

"Bilingualism opens doors and provides opportunity to our children so they can shine and become successful in a labor market that is increasingly competitive and globalized."

―Luis Fortuno.

The meaning more accept about bilingualism (Hammers & Blanc, 1989) say that the bilingual can speak fluent in two languages. The speaker usually use and control two language with the same skill. Chistopher Thiery (N.D.) say that The Concise Oxford Dictionary define the term bilingual “as having, speaking, spoken or writing in two language.”